10개 언어의 축구 용어
팬을 위한 월드컵 용어집 — 골, 페널티, 오프사이드, 레드 카드 등을 모든 주요 축구 언어로.
필수 용어
Goal
When the ball fully crosses the goal line between the posts and under the crossbar
Spanish
Gol
gohl
Same as English but one syllable
Portuguese
Gol
gohl
Brazilian Portuguese; European Portuguese uses 'golo' (GO-loo)
French
But
boo
Silent 't' — not 'butt'! Means 'target/goal'
German
Tor
tor
Also means 'gate' — a goal is literally a gate
Italian
Gol
gohl
Arabic
هدف (Hadaf)
HAH-duf
Means 'target' or 'objective'
Japanese
ゴール (Gōru)
GOH-roo
Borrowed from English
Chinese
进球 (Jìnqiú)
jin-CHYOH
Literally 'enter ball'
Russian
Гол (Gol)
gol
Borrowed from English
Dutch
Doelpunt
DOOL-punt
Literally 'goal point'
Turkish
Gol
gohl
Penalty (Kick)
A direct free kick from the penalty spot, awarded for a foul in the penalty area
Spanish
Penalti / Penal
peh-NAL-tee
'Penalti' is used in Spain; 'penal' in Latin America
Portuguese
Pênalti
PEH-nahl-chee
Brazilian Portuguese; note the 'ti' = 'chee'
French
Penalty
pay-nahl-TEE
Borrowed from English but stressed on last syllable
German
Elfmeter
ELF-may-ter
Literally 'eleven metres' — the distance from goal
Italian
Calcio di rigore
KAL-choh dee ree-GOH-reh
Literally 'kick of rigour'; shortened to 'rigore'
Arabic
ركلة الجزاء (Rakla al-Jazaʾ)
RAK-leh al-juh-ZAH
Literally 'kick of punishment'
Japanese
ペナルティ (Penaruti)
peh-NAH-roo-tee
Borrowed from English, adapted to Japanese phonology
Dutch
Strafschop
STRAF-skhop
Literally 'punishment kick'
Turkish
Penaltı
peh-NAL-tuh
Note the dotless 'ı' — a different vowel sound in Turkish
Offside
When an attacking player is nearer to the opponent's goal than both the ball and the second-to-last defender
Spanish
Fuera de juego
FWEH-rah deh HWEH-goh
Literally 'outside of play'
Portuguese
Impedido
im-peh-DEE-doo
Literally 'impeded/obstructed'
French
Hors-jeu
or-ZHUH
Literally 'outside game'; 'jeu' = 'zhuh'
German
Abseits
AB-zyts
Literally 'off-side' (same concept, different construction)
Italian
Fuorigioco
FWOH-ree-JOH-koh
Literally 'outside game'
Arabic
تسلل (Tasallul)
tah-SAL-lul
Literally 'infiltration/sneaking'
Japanese
オフサイド (Ofusaido)
oh-foo-SY-doh
Borrowed from English
Dutch
Buitenspel
BOW-ten-spel
Literally 'outside play'
Red Card
A card shown by the referee to dismiss a player from the match
Spanish
Tarjeta roja
tar-HEH-tah ROH-hah
Roja = red (feminine, matching tarjeta)
Portuguese
Cartão vermelho
kar-TOWN vehr-MEH-lyoo
Vermelho = red; 'lh' = 'ly' sound
French
Carton rouge
kar-TOHN roozh
Carton = card (like cardboard); rouge = red
German
Rote Karte
ROH-teh KAR-teh
Rote = red (feminine); Karte = card
Italian
Cartellino rosso
kar-tel-EE-noh ROS-soh
Rosso = red
Arabic
البطاقة الحمراء (Al-bitaqa al-hamra)
al-bih-TAH-kah al-HOM-rah
Hamra = red (feminine form)
Japanese
レッドカード (Reddo kādo)
REH-doh KAH-doh
Direct borrowing from English
Chinese
红牌 (Hóng pái)
hong PY
Literally 'red card/tile'
Dutch
Rode kaart
ROH-deh kart
Rode = red; kaart = card
Yellow Card
A caution shown by the referee; two yellow cards result in a red card
Spanish
Tarjeta amarilla
tar-HEH-tah ah-mah-REE-yah
Amarilla = yellow (feminine)
Portuguese
Cartão amarelo
kar-TOWN ah-mah-REH-loo
French
Carton jaune
kar-TOHN zhohn
Jaune = yellow (the 'j' = 'zh')
German
Gelbe Karte
GEL-beh KAR-teh
Gelbe = yellow (feminine)
Italian
Cartellino giallo
kar-tel-EE-noh JAL-loh
Giallo = yellow
Arabic
البطاقة الصفراء (Al-bitaqa al-safra)
al-bih-TAH-kah al-SAF-rah
Safra = yellow (feminine)
Japanese
イエローカード (Ierō kādo)
ee-eh-ROH KAH-doh
Chinese
黄牌 (Huáng pái)
hwahng PY
Literally 'yellow card/tile'
Free Kick
A kick awarded to a team after a foul by their opponents
Spanish
Tiro libre
TEE-roh LEE-breh
Literally 'free shot'
Portuguese
Falta
FAL-tah
Literally 'fault/foul' — the word for both foul and free kick
French
Coup franc
koo FRAHN
Literally 'frank/free blow'
German
Freistoß
FRY-shtos
Freistoß = free kick; 'ß' is a special German letter
Italian
Calcio di punizione
KAL-choh dee poo-neet-SYOH-neh
Literally 'kick of punishment'; often shortened to 'punizione'
Arabic
ضربة حرة (Darba hurra)
DAR-bah HOOR-ah
Literally 'free hit'
Japanese
フリーキック (Furī kikku)
foo-REE-kik-koo
Borrowed from English
Dutch
Vrije trap
VRAY-yeh trap
Literally 'free kick/trap'
Corner Kick
A restart from the corner arc, awarded when the ball goes out over the goal line from a defender
Spanish
Córner / Saque de esquina
KOR-nehr / SAH-keh deh es-KEE-nah
Both terms used; 'córner' borrowed from English
Portuguese
Escanteio
es-kan-TAY-oo
Unique Brazilian term; European Portuguese uses 'canto'
French
Corner
kor-NEHR
Borrowed from English but French-accented
German
Eckball / Ecke
EK-bal / EK-keh
Ecke = corner/nook; Eckball = corner ball
Italian
Calcio d'angolo
KAL-choh DAN-goh-loh
Literally 'kick of corner'; often shortened to 'angolo'
Arabic
ركلة الزاوية (Rakla az-zawiya)
RAK-leh az-ZAH-wee-yah
Zawiya = corner/angle
Japanese
コーナーキック (Kōnā kikku)
KOH-nah-kik-koo
Borrowed from English
Dutch
Hoekschop
HOOK-skhop
Hoek = corner; schop = kick
Goalkeeper
The player who defends the goal and is the only one allowed to use hands in the penalty area
Spanish
Portero
por-TEH-roh
From 'puerta' (door/gate)
Portuguese
Goleiro
goh-LAY-roo
From 'gol' (goal)
French
Gardien (de but)
gar-DYAHN duh BOO
Gardien = guardian/keeper
German
Torwart
TOR-vart
Tor = gate/goal; Wart = guardian
Italian
Portiere
por-TYEH-reh
From 'porta' (gate)
Arabic
حارس المرمى (Haris al-marma)
HAH-ris al-MAR-mah
Haris = guardian; marma = goal
Japanese
ゴールキーパー (Gōru kīpā)
GOH-roo-KEE-pah
Borrowed from English; often shortened to GK
Chinese
门将 (Mén jiàng)
mun JYAHNG
Mén = gate; jiàng = general/officer
Dutch
Doelverdediger / Keeper
DOOL-vehr-day-di-kher / KEE-per
'Keeper' borrowed from English is common
Turkish
Kaleci
KAH-leh-jee
Kale = castle/goal; -ci = person who does/guards
Referee
The official who enforces the rules of the game on the field
Spanish
Árbitro
AR-bee-troh
Stress on first syllable — ar-BEE-troh is wrong
Portuguese
Árbitro
AR-bee-troo
French
Arbitre
ar-BEETR
Stress on second syllable in French
German
Schiedsrichter
SHEEDZ-rikh-ter
Schied = verdict; Richter = judge — 'verdict judge'
Italian
Arbitro
AR-bee-troh
Arabic
حكم (Hakam)
HAH-kahm
Means 'judge' or 'arbitrator' in Arabic
Japanese
審判 (Shinpan)
SHIN-pahn
Shin = examine; pan = judge
Chinese
裁判 (Cáipàn)
TSYE-pahn
Cai = judge/decide; pan = determine
Dutch
Scheidsrechter
SKHAYDS-rekh-ter
Turkish
Hakem
HAH-kem
Borrowed from Arabic hakam (judge)
VAR
Video Assistant Referee — technology used to review decisions using video footage
Spanish
VAR
VAR
Universal acronym
Portuguese
VAR
VAR
French
VAR
VAR
German
VAR
VAR
Arabic
حكم الفيديو
HAH-kahm al-FEE-dee-oh
Video judge
Japanese
ビデオ・アシスタント・レフェリー (Bideo ashisutanto referī)
BEE-deh-oh ah-shee-SOO-tan-toh reh-feh-REE
Hat-trick
When a player scores three goals in a single match
Spanish
Hat-trick / Triplete
hat-TRICK / tree-PLEH-teh
Triplete is the Spanish term; hat-trick is also widely used
Portuguese
Hat-trick / Tríplice
hat-TRICK / TREE-plee-seh
French
Hat-trick / Triplé
hat-TRICK / tree-PLAY
German
Hattrick
HAT-trick
Written as one word in German
Italian
Tripletta
tree-PLET-tah
Also 'poker' for four goals
Arabic
هاتريك (Hatrik)
HAH-tree
Borrowed from English
Japanese
ハットトリック (Hatto torikku)
HAT-toh-to-rik-koo
Borrowed from English
Turkish
Hattrick
HAT-trick
Let's Go! (Chant)
The universal football encouragement — how fans urge their team forward
Spanish
¡Vamos!
BAH-mohs
Most universal football chant in the Spanish-speaking world
Portuguese
Vai! / Vamos!
VY / VAH-moosh
Vai = go! (singular/direct)
French
Allez!
ah-LAY
'Allez les Bleus!' (ah-LAY leh bluh) = Go Blues!
German
Los! / Auf geht's!
lohs / owf GAYTS
'Auf geht's!' = literally 'Up it goes!'
Italian
Forza!
FOR-tsah
'Forza Azzurri!' = Come on Blues! Forza literally means 'strength'
Arabic
يَلّا!
YAL-lah
Yalla! = Come on! — Pan-Arab encouragement chant
Japanese
頑張れ! (Ganbare!)
gahn-BAH-reh
Means 'do your best / hang in there!'
Korean
대한민국! (Daehan Minguk!)
deh-HAN MIN-gook
South Korea fans chant the country's full name as encouragement
Brazilian Portuguese
Vai Brasil!
VY brah-ZEEL
Go Brazil! — the classic chant
Turkish
Haydi!
HY-dee
Means 'come on / let's go!'
Dutch
Hup Holland Hup!
hup HOL-und hup
Classic Dutch chant — 'Hup' is an exclamation of encouragement
The Beautiful Game
Football's most famous nickname — attributed to Pelé
Spanish
El fútbol es el juego más lindo
el FOOT-bol ess el HWEH-goh mahs LEEN-doh
'Lindo' = beautiful/lovely; used especially in Latin America
Portuguese
O jogo bonito
oo ZHOH-goh boh-NEE-too
Pelé's own phrase — 'the beautiful game' in Portuguese
French
Le beau jeu
luh boh ZHUH
Literally 'the beautiful game'
German
Das schöne Spiel
dahs SHUR-neh SHPEEL
Schöne = beautiful (with umlaut)
Italian
Il gioco del calcio
eel JOH-koh del KAL-choh
Italy calls football 'calcio' (kick) — not 'football'
Arabic
اللعبة الجميلة (Al-luʿba al-jamīla)
al-LOOB-ah al-jah-MEE-lah
Jamīla = beautiful
전 세계 응원가
France
Allez les Bleus!
ah-LAY leh bluh
Go Blues! (the French team wear blue)
Used at all France matches — the signature chant
Italy
Forza Azzurri!
FOR-tsah ah-TSOOR-ree
Come on Blues! (Azzurri = the blues, Italy's kit colour)
Italy's signature chant. Forza = strength/force
Brazil
Brasil! Brasil!
brah-ZEEL! brah-ZEEL!
Brazil! Brazil!
Simple but powerful — the rhythm and passion say everything
Argentina
¡Vamos Argentina!
BAH-mohs ar-hen-TEE-nah
Let's go Argentina!
Also: 'Ole ole ole ole, ar-hen-tee-NAH ar-hen-tee-NAH'
Germany
Deutschland! Deutschland!
DOYTS-lant! DOYTS-lant!
Germany! Germany!
Also sung to the tune of 'Seven Nation Army'
Spain
¡Sí se puede! / ¡España! ¡España!
see seh PWEH-deh / es-PAHN-yah
Yes it can be done! / Spain! Spain!
Sí se puede is also associated with social movements
England
It's Coming Home!
its CUM-ing hohm
A reference to football returning to its birthplace — immortalised by 'Three Lions' (1996)
The most famous football song in English history. Sung every tournament.
Senegal
Lions de la Téranga!
leeyon duh lah teh-RAHN-gah
Lions of Teranga — 'teranga' means hospitality in Wolof
The team's full nickname; Senegalese hospitality is legendary
Morocco
Yalla Al-Maghrib!
YAL-lah al-MAH-rib
Come on Morocco! (using the Arabic name)
2022 World Cup made this chant famous across the Arab world
South Korea
대한민국! (Daehan Minguk!)
deh-HAN MIN-gook
Republic of Korea! — the country's formal name
Korean fans chant the full formal country name with Red Devil drums
Japan
ニッポン、チャチャチャ! (Nippon Cha Cha Cha!)
NIP-pon chah chah chah
Japan! Cha cha cha! (rhythmic encouragement)
One of football's most recognisable non-European chants
USA
I Believe That We Will Win!
eye beh-LEEV that wee wil WIN
A rallying cry adopted by US fans in 2014
Became iconic at the 2014 World Cup — sung at every USMNT match
Universal
Olé Olé Olé!
oh-LAY oh-LAY oh-LAY
An Andalusian/flamenco exclamation of approval — became the world's football chant
The most universal football chant on earth. Used by virtually every fan base.